Rosacea is a chronic skin condition characterised by facial redness, visible blood vessels, and sometimes acne-like bumps. It primarily affects the central part of the face, including the cheeks, nose, chin, and forehead. Rosacea can develop gradually and may flare periodically, with triggers such as stress, certain foods, and environmental factors worsening symptoms. While rosacea can affect anyone, it is most common in individuals with fair skin and typically appears after the age of 30. If untreated, rosacea may worsen over time.
Rosacea presents in various forms, each with distinct characteristics:
- Erythematotelangiectatic Rosacea (ETR):
- Persistent facial redness and flushing.
- Visible broken blood vessels (telangiectasia).
- Papulopustular Rosacea:
- Redness accompanied by acne-like bumps (papules and pustules).
- Swelling and sensitivity of the affected areas.
- Phymatous Rosacea:
- Thickened, bumpy skin, particularly on the nose (rhinophyma).
- Enlarged pores and uneven skin texture.
- Ocular Rosacea:
- Irritation, redness, and dryness of the eyes.
- Watery or bloodshot eyes with potential vision issues in severe cases.
The exact cause of rosacea is unknown, but several factors are believed to contribute to its development:
- Genetic Predisposition: A family history of rosacea increases the likelihood of developing the condition.
- Immune System Abnormalities: Overreaction to certain bacteria or environmental stimuli may trigger symptoms.
- Dysregulation of the Vascular System: Abnormal blood vessel responses can lead to redness and visible veins.
- Demodex Mites: Higher levels of these skin mites have been found in individuals with rosacea.
- Triggers: Common triggers include sunlight, hot or spicy foods, alcohol, stress, extreme temperatures, and certain skincare products.
Rosacea treatments aim to manage symptoms, prevent flare-ups, and improve the appearance of the skin.
A combination of professional treatments and lifestyle modifications is often necessary:
At-Home Care
- Use gentle, fragrance-free cleansers and moisturisers suitable for sensitive skin.
- Apply daily sunscreen (SPF 50 or higher) to protect against UV damage.
- Avoid known triggers by keeping a diary to identify personal irritants.
Professional Treatments
- Topical Medications: Prescription creams or gels containing metronidazole, azelaic acid, or ivermectin can reduce redness and inflammation.
- Oral Medications: Low-dose antibiotics, such as doxycycline, are often used to treat moderate to severe cases, especially for papulopustular rosacea.
- Laser and Light-Based Therapy: Intense pulsed light (IPL) (CANDELA NORDLYS IPL) and vascular lasers (CANDELA VBEAM, CANDELA NORDLYS LONG PULSED Nd:YAG) can effectively reduce redness and visible blood vessels.
- Surgical Options: For advanced phymatous rosacea, procedures to reshape thickened skin may be recommended.
Lifestyle Modifications
- Avoid excessive heat, including saunas, hot baths, and spicy foods.
- Limit alcohol consumption, as it can exacerbate flushing.
- Manage stress through relaxation techniques or physical activity.
Ongoing Care
Rosacea is a chronic condition that requires consistent management. Regular follow-ups with a dermatologist are crucial to monitor progress and adjust treatment as needed.
If you experience persistent redness or other rosacea symptoms, organise a referral from your GP to streamline a consultation with our dermatology team today. We are here to provide a world class tailored treatment plan to help you achieve clearer, healthier skin.
