Acne is a common skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil (sebum) and dead skin cells, leading to the formation of pimples, blackheads, whiteheads, or cysts. It primarily affects the face, chest, back, and shoulders, and while it is most prevalent in teenagers, it can occur at any age. Acne can vary in severity, from mild, occasional blemishes to severe, persistent breakouts that may cause scarring.
Acne can present in different forms, each requiring specific management strategies:
- Comedonal Acne: Characterized by blackheads (open comedones) and whiteheads (closed comedones) caused by clogged pores.
- Inflammatory Acne: Includes red, swollen pimples (papules) and pustules that are inflamed due to bacterial activity.
- Nodular Acne: Consists of deep, painful lumps beneath the skin that may lead to scarring.
- Cystic Acne: The most severe type, involving large, pus-filled lesions that can cause significant scarring.
Several factors contribute to the development of acne, including:
- Excess Sebum Production: Overactive oil glands can lead to clogged pores.
- Bacterial Overgrowth: The bacteria Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) can proliferate within clogged pores, causing inflammation.
- Hormonal Changes: Fluctuations in hormones, particularly androgens, can increase oil production and acne susceptibility. This is common during puberty, menstruation, and pregnancy.
- Genetics: A family history of acne can increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
- Lifestyle Factors: Stress, certain medications, and a diet high in refined sugars or dairy may exacerbate acne in some individuals.
- Skincare Products: Use of pore-clogging or irritating products can contribute to acne.
Effective acne management often involves a combination of treatments tailored to the severity and type of acne.
Recommendations include:
At-Home Care
- Use a gentle, non-comedogenic cleanser twice daily to remove excess oil and dirt.
- Apply over-the-counter treatments containing active ingredients like benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, or retinoids.
- Avoid picking or squeezing pimples to prevent scarring and infection.
- Use oil-free, non-comedogenic skincare and makeup products.
Lifestyle Adjustments
- Maintain a balanced diet, rich in fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
- Manage stress through techniques such as mindfulness or exercise.
- Avoid heavy or greasy hair and skin products.
Ongoing Care
Acne treatment often requires patience and consistency, as results may take weeks to months to appear. Regular follow-ups with a dermatologist can ensure optimal outcomes and adjustments to the treatment plan if necessary.
Professional Treatments
- Topical Medications: Prescription-strength retinoids, antibiotics, or combination creams may be recommended.
- Oral Medications: For moderate to severe acne, options include oral antibiotics, hormonal treatments (e.g., oral contraceptives or anti-androgens), or isotretinoin.
- In-Practice Procedures:
Dermatological treatments such as:- chemical peels
- light therapy (CANDELA NORDLYS INTENSE PULSED LIGHT (IPL), LUTRONIC HEALITE II)
- laser therapy (CANDELA VBEAM, CANDELA PICOWAY, CANDELA 1550, ALMA HYBRID, ACCLARO ULTRACLEAR)
- photodynamic therapy (PDT)
- Radiofrequency (RF) Microneedling (CANDELA MATRIX)
- cortisone injections can improve acne and prevent scarring.
For tailored advice and world class treatment options, organise a referral from your GP to streamline a consultation with our KDAA dermatology team today. Let us help you achieve clearer, healthier skin!
