The causes of birthmarks vary depending on their type:
Vascular Birthmarks
- Result from abnormal development of blood vessels during fetal growth.
- Factors influencing these abnormalities are not fully understood.
Pigmented Birthmarks
Caused by an overproduction of melanin or clustering of melanocytes in the skin.
Genetic Influences
Certain birthmarks, such as café-au-lait spots, may be linked to inherited conditions.
Birthmarks are classified into two main categories:
Vascular Birthmarks
- Port-Wine Stains
Flat, pink, red, or purple marks caused by malformed capillaries that are commonly found on the face, neck, arms, or legs and can deepen in colour over time.
- Hemangiomas
Raised, red lesions that may grow rapidly in infancy before shrinking over time.
- Salmon Patches (Stork Bites/Angel Kisses)
Light pink or red patches that often fade as the child grows.
Pigmented Birthmarks
- Café-au-Lait Spots
Light brown patches that may vary in size and number. Multiple spots may indicate a genetic condition like neurofibromatosis.
- Mongolian Spots
Bluish-grey marks typically seen in darker skin tones, often on the back or buttocks, this usually fades by early childhood.
- Congenital Nevi
Moles present at birth that may be flat or raised and range in colour from brown to black.
While many birthmarks are harmless and require no treatment, others may benefit from medical intervention for cosmetic improvement or to prevent complications. Treatment options include:
- Pulse Dye Laser (Candela V Beam Prima PDL): Emits targeted light to selectively destroy abnormal blood vessels without damaging surrounding skin.
- Long Pulse Nd:YAG: Delivers deeper laser energy to target larger or deeper vascular lesions.
- Intense Pulsed Light (Candela Nordlys IPL): Broad-spectrum light targets pigmentation and superficial vascular abnormalities.
- Pico Laser (Candela PicoWay) can be used to treat some pigmented birth marks and pigment lesions
- Beta-Blocker Medications: Oral or topical beta-blockers, such as propranolol, reduce blood vessel growth in hemangiomas, helping them shrink. Requires medical supervision to ensure safe use, particularly in infants.
- Surgical Options: For large or symptomatic congenital nevi or vascular birthmarks resistant to other treatments.
- Topical Treatments: Lightening Creams may be used for some pigmented birthmarks, though their effectiveness is limited compared to other treatments.
The choice of treatment for birthmarks depends on the type, size, location, and patient’s age. Schedule a consultation with KDAA to assess your birthmark and discuss the most effective treatment options tailored to your needs.
